Nicotine is a chemical compound that is produced naturally in tobacco and other plants in the nightshade family. It is a stimulant, often used recreationally in cigarettes and tobacco products.

Cigarettes

Read more about smoking and cigarettes on our page on tobacco.

Vaping

Vapes, or electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are devices that enable the user to inhale nicotine. They work by heating and vaporising a solution that contains nicotine, glycerine and sometimes flavourings. Since there is no burning involved, there is no smoke and there is no tar or carbon monoxide produced – two of the most harmful products of smoking. Inhaling nicotine from an e-cigarette is referred to as vaping. Vaping can help some cigarette smokers to quit or cut down on smoking. Read more on our page on electronic cigarettes.

Nicotine pouches/Snus

Nicotine pouches are small, tobacco-free products placed between the lip and gum to deliver nicotine into the bloodstream. Available in a range of flavours and strengths (from 1.5mg to 150mg). They are discreet, easy to use  and unlike cigarettes or vapes, nicotine pouches are not currently subject to age restrictions in the UK.

Between 2023 and 2025, use among younger adults rose, with 2.6% of 18-34 year olds reporting current use, compared to just 0.2% of adults over 55. Nearly 4% of teenagers say they have tried nicotine pouches (ASH survey).

The BBC spoke to a group of school pupils and a health expert about the rise in the number of people using nicotine pouches, watch the video.

Updated November 2025.